SQL & PL/SQL :: Execution Model For Triggers And Integrity Constraint Checking
Sep 7, 2010
URL....Topic: The Execution Model for Triggers and Integrity Constraint Checking
Oracle uses the following execution model to maintain the proper firing sequence of multiple triggers and constraint checking:
1.Run all BEFORE statement triggers that apply to the statement.
2.Loop for each row affected by the SQL statement.
a.Run all BEFORE row triggers that apply to the statement.
b.Lock and change row, and perform integrity constraint checking. (The lock is not released until the transaction is committed.)
c.Run all AFTER row triggers that apply to the statement.
3.Complete deferred integrity constraint checking.
4.Run all AFTER statement triggers that apply to the statement.
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Mar 25, 2010
i have an understanding about Integrity constraint checking and the trigger execution sequence, which i decsribe below.
Integrity constraint are restiction on DML operation performed by the user. When a user deletes or updates or inserts a rows in a table then oracle performs certain checking to see that the data which is effecting the row abide certain rules. There are certain per-defined set or rules that can be applied on a table such as PRIMARY KEY, FORIEGN KEY, UNIQUE, CHECK, NOT NULL etc, user-defined rules can be applied on tables by using Triggers.
In both the cases the Integrity Constraint Checking is deferred until the complete execution of the statement. All rows are inserted first, then all rows are checked for constraint violations.
So when i see the trigger execution model the following steps are performed by oracle, Oracle uses the following execution model to maintain the proper firing sequence of multiple triggers and constraint checking..This is what the Oracle Documentation Library says [extract from Oracle Database Concepts 10g Release 1 (10.1)].
1. Run all BEFORE statement triggers that apply to the statement.
2. Loop for each row affected by the SQL statement.
a.Run all BEFORE row triggers that apply to the statement.
b.Lock and change row, and perform integrity constraint checking. (The lock is not released until the transaction is committed.)
c.Run all AFTER row triggers that apply to the statement.
3.Complete deferred integrity constraint checking.
4.Run all AFTER statement triggers that apply to the statement.
As for step 3 here the checking of the constraints for the statement is performed which where defered till the complete execution of the statement, then what is done in step 2b? what constraints are checked there?
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Mar 23, 2011
Can I apply Referential Integrity to only selected rows of a particular column? This is the reference key to the primary key to another table. But, the issue is, this reference column is not having mandatory data for all the rows. So, whenever this is null, I dont want it to be referred by parent table.
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Feb 2, 2012
Referential Integrity is very important in Oracle database. Consider a scenario where constraints were applied to a database but never enforced on. Only application code was leveraged over the past 1 year to manage this logic.
Over the course of the year there might have been lot of Row Violations which might have led to Data Inconsistency Issues.Do we have a Script, Tools in Oracle which flag all row level violations with referential integrity now being turned on.
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May 31, 2013
i am running the query from which i am getting below mentioned error how can i find the record which is not there in parent table ora02291 integrety constrain violated and parent key not found.
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Oct 13, 2010
I have Oracle 9i and yesterday I wanted to create new DB(datebase) but I couldn't did it.
In Database Configuration Assistant chose Create database then New database. Used configuration by default. On 92% I got this error
Quote:ORA-02291: integrity constraint (SH. COSTS_PRODUCT_FK) violated - parent key not found
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Sep 25, 2012
I have created a amortization SELECT statement that amortizes loans based upon a table of loan information. The problem is this: when I run an ITERATION on numbers, the select statement returns a value but the ITERATION seems to be reading zero. This leads to a bunch of zeroes in the resultant table.
DROP TABLE MORTGAGE_FACTS
CREATE TABLE mortgage_facts (
C_USER1 CHAR(15),
C_USER9 NUMBER,
C_USER11 NUMBER,
C_USER10 NUMBER,
C_B1 NUMBER(19,2),
C_B2 NUMBER(19,2),
C_BUDGET NUMBER(19,2),
C_USER12 NUMBER(19,2));
INSERT INTO mortgage_facts VALUES ('Jones', 131828.81, 3.348, 72, 0, 0, 0, 0)
--BEGIN AMORTIZATION
SELECT
P,
C_USER1,
C_USER9,
C_USER11,
C_USER10,
C_B1,
C_B2,
[code]........
The first two results look like this:
P C_USER1 C_USER9 C_USER11 C_USER10 C_B1 C_B2 C_BUDGET C_USER12
0 Jones 131828.81 3.348 72 0 0 131828.81 2023.55
0 Jones 131828.81 3.348 1 367.8 -367.8 132196.61 2023.55
As you can see, in column C-B2, despite referencing the column C_USER12 which should have 2023.55 as a value in it, it is returning the mirror opposite of C_B1 which leads me to believe that the system is reading a ZERO in the column despite displaying 2023.55.
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May 1, 2013
We use apex and my professor wants us to import a table model into apex. everytime i try and import my table it says "your export file is not supported". i asked my professor what to do and he said "You should gen a ddl file from designer. Then use that to upload into apex and then run.
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Jul 6, 2013
I have one report consist of two user parameters like FROMDATAE and TODATE and two queries in data model..
The 1st query is..
SELECT WONO,MCV_DATE,QTY FROM MCSHOP1 WHERE MCV_DATE BETWEEN :FROMDATE AND :TODATE;
It created two user parameters.ie FROMDATE and TODATE.
And 2nd query like this
SELECT MCVN FROM MCSHOP1 WHERE WONO=:WONO OR WONO LIKE 'RW%'||:WONO;
I dont know how to make 2nd query in data model. becoz the WONO will come from 1st query and LIKE command is there..But I tried in formula Column....but it returns more than one row...
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Dec 25, 2007
i want to get table name, constraint name, constraint type with join processes in string type. this is what i want: alter table tablename add constraint constraintname constrainttype(columnname)
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Mar 23, 2012
We would like to used Oracle secure backup using SAS interface on an IBM Autoloader Model TS-2900. Would it be possible to configure oracle secure backup using SAS?
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Feb 19, 2010
I am trying to use model clause to get comma separate single row for multiple rows. My scenario is like this:
SQL> desc test1
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------------------- -------- ------------------------------------
ID NUMBER
VALUE CHAR(6)
SQL> select * from test1 order by id;
ID VALUE
---------- ------
1 Value1
2 Value2
3 Value3
4 Value4
5 Value4
6
7 value5
8
The query that I have is:
SQL> with t as
2 ( select distinct substr(value,2) value
3 from test1
4 model
5 ignore nav
6 dimension by (id)
7 measures (cast(value as varchar2(100)) value)
8 rules
9 ( value[any] order by id = value[cv()-1] || ',' || value[cv()]
10 )
11 )
12 select max(value) oneline
13 from t;
ONELINE
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Value1,Value2,Value3,Value4,Value4,,value5,
what I want is : null value should not come and duplicate value should not come (Value4 in output above)
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Feb 3, 2013
I have developed a bitmap report on report 6i, But I am not able to print report on printer (Thermal Printer Model PRP-085III, A baylan POS printer).
I tried to convert the same report to Character mode and it print fine.
why it is not printing or what I need to set ?
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Nov 24, 2012
For applications and Timesten databases on the same server we can use direct model to gain the base performance. But I want to know that how big heap size of JVM to be set for my java application when enabling direct model?
Does my application need more head memory when direct model than other local communication protocols, such as Unix domain socket or IPC? Supposing my Timesten database takes 12GB memory from OS, does it mean I need specify the same size for JVM heap(-Xmx12G)?
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Feb 24, 2013
How is naming Integrity Constants useful? See example below:-
create table incrr
(incrid number(4) constraint incrid_pk primary key,
incrdate date not null,
incramt number(8,2) not null
);
In the above if I don't use incrid_pk it also works.Then what is the use of incrid_pk ?
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Jul 2, 2010
We are attempting to configure/use OEM (Oracle 10.2.0.4) on Solaris, and when logging in to OEM we are directed to the Database Down page, stating Enterprise Manager is unable to connect to the database instance, but showing all the components as up/open. After checking the log, I found the following error:
IO exception: Unknown Encryption or Data Integrity algorithm
I checked the settings in emoms.properties and compared the encryption parameters to those in our SQLNet file, and all match up. We are NOT using Grid Control, just db control connecting to 1 instance.
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Sep 28, 2011
What could be the reason for Such Errors.?OCR Integrity was Successful on one node and on the cloned node it was failed.
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Jun 8, 2012
What is the best practices to maintain aggregate columns? Suppose I have the following 2 tables:
DROP TABLE TEST.ORDERS_DET_T;
DROP TABLE TEST.ORDERS_T;
CREATE TABLE TEST.ORDERS_T (
ID NUMBER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
ORDER_CODE VARCHAR2(100) NOT NULL,
[code]....
I want the following test script to act int the way, described in comments. Basically this means that the sum of TEST.ORDERS_DET_T.ORDER_DET_SUMA must be equal to TEST.ORDERS_T.ORDER_SUMA after transaction commits.
INSERT INTO TEST.ORDERS_T(ID, ORDER_CODE, ORDER_SUMA) VALUES(1,'FRUITS',100);
INSERT INTO TEST.ORDERS_DET_T(ID, ORDERS_T_ID, ORDER_DET_CODE, ORDER_DET_SUMA) VALUES(2,1,'APPLES',40);
INSERT INTO TEST.ORDERS_DET_T(ID, ORDERS_T_ID, ORDER_DET_CODE, ORDER_DET_SUMA) VALUES(3,1,'PEAT',60);
COMMIT; --SHOULD BE OK, 40+60=100
[code]....
P.S. Creating views based on ORDERS_T and ORDERS_DET_T are not an option, if the user would still be allowed to modify data in tables (as in test scenarios). This is because of current business situation, where the client has 2 teams (outsourcing for back-office solution and insourcing for web solution) that are accessing/modifying the data in the same tables.
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Mar 23, 2011
Can I apply Referential Integrity to only selected rows of a particular column? This is the reference key to the primary key to another table. But, the issue is, this reference column is not having mandatory data for all the rows. So, whenever this is null, I dont want it to be referred by parent table.
no, and it makes no sense to do so either
We have an appointment form in our HIS, where patients take telephonic appointment. That time they may not know their user id given by hospital. So, it remains blank & name is entered manually. But if the user-id is entered, it must fetch patient name from the master.
The candidate key must be unique within its domain.The candidate key can not hold NULL values.
ALTER TABLE HLTHCHKAPPOINTHD ADD (
CONSTRAINT SYS_C007145
FOREIGN KEY (N_PATIENTMR_ID)
REFERENCES MRREGISTRTNHD (N_PATIENTMR_ID));
MRREGISTRTNHD is a patient master & has a primary key named N_PATIENTMR_ID.
HLTHCHKAPPOINTHD is a appointment table & has a foreign key named N_PATIENTMR_ID which references N_PATIENTMR_ID of MRREGISTRTNHD.
Also, N_PATIENTMR_ID of HLTHCHKAPPOINTHD is not a unique key & it can contain null values also. I want to define constraint or any other method such that only the not null values are referenced to the master i.e. it should validate in the master. And null values should skip this reference.
Now, what happens is due to this constraint, when I'm trying to edit & update the rows having null value in N_PATIENTMR_ID, it gives the following error.
ORA-02291: Integrity constraint (SYS_C007145) violated - parent key not found
So, can I give some condition in the above constraint saying, apply this constraint to table HLTHCHKAPPOINTHD only having the not-null values in N_PATIENTMR_ID coulmn?
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Aug 7, 2013
I've an Oracle Table which has around 300 columns. I've a requirement to split this single table into two tables (150 columns each) by a foreign key.
Now I want to know how to maintain the data integrity while I insert the data into two tables. which means each table should have equal number of rows as we insert the 300 columns data into tables each at a time.
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Sep 7, 2013
I got following error on Oracle 10.2.0.4.0 RAC on solaris 10
Oracle clsomon failed with fatal status 12.
Oracle CRS failure. Rebooting for cluster integrity.
I think this problem in 11g but I am using 10g.
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Aug 3, 2012
I install oracle 11g2 on centos, in prerequisite checks step ,oracle database show this failed "Oracle Restart integrity Failed", I don't know what should i do ?
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Jun 28, 2012
How to control internal integrity (lack of self-reference keys in an index) without using regular validation and rebuilding ?
I'm using 10.2.0.5.
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Dec 19, 2012
I'm trying to add edmx file in my project for first time. I want to choose the oracle provider ODP.net but cannot find Oracle in the data source list. I have oracle 11g installed , odp and odt installed and can access it from the solution as well. I saw the Oracle listed under data source when I tried to connect the solution to the database through server explorer. The solution is connected to Oracle database through ODP.
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May 23, 2012
I am using Datapump import using database link to import an entire schema from another Server but it gives issues with constraints.I tried to first only import the metadata and then disable the constraints and import data and enable constraint but in this case the temp tablespace keeps filling up and i am out of space. Is there any method to do a full import including constraints and indexes.
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Dec 20, 2012
Am creating a table based on some integrity constraints, but it's not working.
CREATE TABLE member
(
member_id NUMBER(10),
last_name VARCHAR2(25) NOT NULL,
first_name VARCHAR2(25),
[code],,,
Error:
Error report:
SQL Error: ORA-02270: no matching unique or primary key for this column-list
02270. 00000 - "no matching unique or primary key for this column-list"
*Cause: A REFERENCES clause in a CREATE/ALTER TABLE statement gives a column-list for which there is no matching unique or primary key constraint in the referenced table.
*Action: Find the correct column names using the ALL_CONS_COLUMNScatalog view
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Sep 12, 2012
OS=Redhat 5
Oracle=11gr2
Grid=11gR2
I am trying to install Oracle Database 11gR2 database on Oracle Grid 11gR2. I successfully installed Grid without errors. However, when installing the database, I got an OLR Integrity error during the prerequisit Check
OLR Integrity - This test checks the integrity of OLR on the local node.
Expected Value : n/a
Actual Value : n/a
List of errors:
- Permissons of file
"/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/cdata/localhost/localhost.olr" did not match the expected value. [Expected = "0600"; Found = "0660"]
- Cause: Cause of Problem Not Available
- Action: User Action Not Available.
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Jun 7, 2011
We have a problem where a data load script has caused data in one of our tables to be incorrectly loaded. Instead of loading the parent row, it has loaded an offest that was assigned by the application.
The problems is, we have the following table:
=================================
ID RESULTSET PARENT
=================================
...
100 502 -1
101 502 0
102 502 1
103 502 2
104 502 3
105 503 -1
106 503 0
110 503 1
111 504 0
...
=================================
What's the best approach to use to transform the last column as follows:
=================================
ID RESULTSET PARENT
=================================
...
100 502 99
101 502 100
102 502 101
103 502 102
104 502 103
105 503 104
106 503 105
110 503 106
111 504 110
...
=================================
Note: ID column may not always be ordered sequentially
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May 11, 2012
I have a table with three columns: terminal, place and batch. How can I check for missing batches?
select * from transactions;
terminal place batch
84812
84813
84814
84816
84821
84823
84824
84825
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Jan 22, 2013
Which is the best way to check whether a record exists.
DECLARE
l_count NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO l_count FROM emp WHERE empno=7839;
IF l_count=1 THEN
dbms_output.put_line('exists');
ELSE
dbms_output.put_line('not exists');
END IF;
END;
[Code]...
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